PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE

 

PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE

Present perfect (“he hecho”)

FORMATION

Se forma con: SUJETO + HAVE/HAS+ PARTICIPIO (-ED/3 Columna)

 I have gone to the cinema (He ido al cine)

She has played football (Ella ha jugado al futbol)

Las preguntas cambian el orden:

(Wh Word)+ have/ has+ sujeto+ participio…?

Have you tidied your room? (¿ Has ordenado tu cuarto?)

PRESENT PERFECT: USE

 
1  Acción pasada con resultados en el presente:

He cannot play the match because he has broken his leg.

Where is your key?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve lost it’

2 Acción que empezó en el pasado y continúa hasta el presente

I have lived in Malaga for ten years. (Sigo viviendo en Málaga, la acción continua hasta el presente)

3 Experiencias pasadas sin decir exactamente cuando tuvieron lugar

'I've been to Ireland'

'Have you ever worn a suit?'

- Cuando NO se especifique un momento concreto del pasado.

 I have done my homework (He hecho mis deberes, pero no digo cuándo)

 
4 Periodos de tiempo incompletos, no finalizados

Have you seen Rafa this morning? ( Todavía es por la mañana)

5  Utilizamos siempre el present perfect con las siguientes expresiones:

TIME EXPRESSIONS AND PRESENT PERFECT

Si no hay una fecha en el pasado usamos present perfect con EVER / NEVER
Compara
I never went to the zoo when I was a child
I have never been to the zoo.

Usamos siempre present perfect con ever en preguntas (alguna vez)

 Have you ever been to China?

También en afirmativas detrás de un superlativo (se traduce por “nunca”):

 What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.

JUST (justo ahora, acabar de, a short time ago)

Sólo con present perfect. Indica que la acción es muy reciente

 ‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’
 Hello. Have you just arrived?

ALREADY 

Sólo con present perfect
Affirmative (ya): ‘Don’t forget to post the letter, will you?’ ‘I’ve already posted it’

YET

Sólo con present perfect

Negative ( todavía): I’ve written the e-mail but I haven’t sent it yet.
Questions (ya): Has it stopped raining yet?

FOR( durante) (Simple past is also possible)

For  puede combinarse tanto con el pasado simple como con el present perfect

I studied German for three years when I was a kid ( Acción pasada que no sigue en el presente)

I have studied German for many years. (Continúo estudiando alemán)

‘It’s nice to see you again. We haven’t seen each other for a long time’.

‘It’s a lovely meal. It’s the first good meal I’ve had for ages’.

‘Liza hasn’t phoned me for two weeks’

SINCE ( desde) se combina siempre con el present perfect.

‘I’m hungry. I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast’

 ‘I haven’t seen Marie since Sunday’

Otras expresiones  que suelen acompañar al “ present perfect”:

THIS MORNING/YEAR/TERM: 

‘I haven’t seen him this morning. Have you?’ (Pero si es por la tarde se puede decir en pasado simple)

‘Have you had a holiday this year?’

‘Susan hasn’t worked very hard this term’.

TODAY:

I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today. (Perhaps I’ll drink before today is finished)

BEFORE

 ‘Sara has never driven a car before’

RECENTLY :

 ‘Have you heard from Daniel recently’

SO FAR (hasta ahora):

‘Everything is going well. We haven’t had any problems so far’.

 

Past simple ( hice, fui, etc.)
FORMATION
Se forma:
Añadiendo -ED (verbos regulares) o 2ª Columna (verbos irregulares)

 She ate a pizza (Ella comió pizza)

He played basketball (El jugó al baloncesto)

La negativa la formamos con el auxiliar DIDN'T+ verbo SIN -ed (forma base)

La interrogativa la formamos así: DID+SUJETO+ verbo en forma base (sin -ed ni forma irregular)

USE
¿Cuándo usamos el pasado simple?

- Con las siguientes expresiones de pasado:
YESTERDAY, AGO, LAST YEAR/ WEEK ETC.

- Con una fecha concreta del pasado: In January 2009/ When I was little...

EXERCISE. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

 *PAST SIMPLE (went) or PRESENT PERFECT (have / has gone)
1) Where ............ you born?
  a. were
  b. have
  c. are
  d. did
2) A: Where ....................... that jacket? 
     B: In that new clothes shop in Piazza Kennedy.
  a. have you bought
  b. did you buy
3) How long .................. your best friend?
a. do you know
b. did you know
 c. have you known
4) A: I lived in Milan when I was younger. 
    B: Really? How long ........................ there?
a. did you live
b. have you lived
c. lived you
5) Gladstone ............... the Prime Minister of Great Britain 5 times during the reign of Queen Victoria.
a. has been
b. had been
c. was
6) My grandmother, who died five years ago, .............. abroad.
a. was never going
b. never went
c. has never been
7) A: Would you like a coffee?
 B: No thanks. ..................... one.
a. I just had
b. I've just had
c. I was just having
8) J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" books .................... in many countries.
a. have been published
b. were published
c. had been published
9) Many of Dickens's novels .................... in monthly magazines.
a. were first published
b. have been first published
c. had been first published
10) (At 10.30 a.m.) .................. Julie this morning?
a. Did you see
b. Have you seen
c. Had you seen
11) (at 4.30 p.m.) .................... Julie this morning?
a. Did you see
b. Have you seen
12) Oh no! ...................... my keys!
a. I've lost
b. I lost
13) .................. my keys last week.
a. I've lost
b.I lost
14) ................... to the cinema yesterday.
I went
I've been
I've gone